Green Renovation and Technology Selection for Small and Medium-Sized Hydropower Stations
中小水电站绿色改造与技术选择

摘要

在 “双碳” 目标与生态文明建设背景下，中小水电站绿色改造成为水电行业可持续发展的核心课题。本文通过实地考察、技术分析与案例对比，探讨其改造必要性、技术路线及实施对策，发现现存设备陈旧、效率低下、生态破坏突出等问题。研究提炼出五项核心技术：水轮机增效扩容、生态流量保障、智能化监控、鱼类洄游通道建设、水质保护设施完善，并从技术成熟度、经济性、环境影响等维度量化评估。结果表明，组合式改造可使发电量提升 15%-25%，并显著改善河流生态。基于成本效益分析，提出分类分期改造策略与差异化技术方案。研究成果为政府制定政策、企业开展改造提供重要参考，助力中小水电站高质量发展。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the “dual-carbon” goals and the advancement of ecological civilization, green renovation of small and medium-sized hydropower stations has become a key issue for the sustainable development of the hydropower sector. Through field investigations, technical analysis, and case comparisons, this study examines the necessity of renovation, technical pathways, and implementation strategies. The results reveal several prominent problems in existing facilities, including outdated equipment, low operational efficiency, and significant ecological impacts. The study identifies five core technologies for green renovation: turbine efficiency enhancement and capacity expansion, ecological flow guarantee, intelligent monitoring systems, fish migration channel construction, and the improvement of water quality protection facilities. These technologies are quantitatively evaluated from multiple dimensions, including technological maturity, economic feasibility, and environmental impact. The results indicate that integrated renovation approaches can increase power generation by 15%–25% while significantly improving river ecological conditions. Based on cost–benefit analysis, this study proposes a phased and categorized renovation strategy along with differentiated technological solutions. The findings provide important references for government policy formulation and enterprise-level renovation practices, contributing to the high-quality development of small and medium-sized hydropower stations.