Deformation Control Strategies for the Installation of Long-Span Steel Structures
大跨度钢结构安装变形控制策略

摘要

大跨度钢结构在建筑工程中应用日益广泛，但其安装过程的变形控制是施工关键与难点。本文采用理论分析、数值模拟与工程实例相结合的方法，对大跨度钢结构安装变形机理及控制措施展开研究。结果表明，结构自重、安装荷载、温度变化及施工顺序等是引发变形的主要因素，其中施工顺序与临时支撑体系对变形控制起决定性作用。通过建立精细化有限元模型，模拟不同安装方案下的结构变形规律，提出基于变形预测的主动控制技术，包括优化施工顺序、合理布设临时支撑、实施全过程实时监测与动态调节。工程应用表明，该方法可将安装最大变形控制在设计允许范围内，安装精度提升 30% 以上，有效保障结构安装质量与施工安全，对同类大跨度钢结构工程具有较强的指导意义与应用价值。 

Abstract

Long-span steel structures are increasingly widely used in construction projects, while deformation control during installation has become both a key issue and a major challenge in the construction process. This paper adopts a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering case studies to investigate the deformation mechanisms and control measures involved in the installation of long-span steel structures. The results show that structural self-weight, installation loads, temperature variation, and construction sequence are the main factors causing deformation, among which the construction sequence and temporary support system play a decisive role in deformation control. By establishing a refined finite element model, the deformation patterns of the structure under different installation schemes are simulated, and an active control technology based on deformation prediction 

is proposed, including optimization of the construction sequence, rational arrangement of temporary supports, and the implementation of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment throughout the entire process. Engineering applications demonstrate that this method can control the maximum installation deformation within the design allowable range and improve installation accuracy by more than 30%, thereby effectively ensuring installation quality and construction safety. The study provides strong guidance and practical value for similar long-span steel structure projects.