Design of High-Performance Energy-Efficient Building Envelopes and Energy Consumption Optimization Pathways
高性能节能围护结构设计与能耗优化路径

摘要

面对全球能源短缺与环境污染加剧的现状，建筑节能已成为实现可持续发展的重要途径。本文围绕对建筑能耗起关键作用的围护结构，采用理论分析、数值模拟与试验相结合的方法，研究高性能节能围护结构的设计思路与能耗优化策略。首先阐明围护结构热工性能对建筑能耗的影响机理，建立相应的传热模型与能耗计算模型；其次从材料选用、构造优化、热桥防控等角度提出高性能围护结构集成方案，包括新型保温材料应用、复合墙体设计及高性能门窗系统等。经不同气候区建筑模拟验证，该方案可降低建筑总能耗 30%–45%，其中供暖能耗降低 40%–55%，制冷能耗降低 25%–35%。全生命周期经济性与环境效益分析表明，高性能围护结构综合效益显著。研究成果可为建筑节能设计提供参考，助力建筑业绿色低碳发展。

Abstract

In the face of growing global energy shortages and worsening environmental pollution, building energy conservation has become an important pathway to achieving sustainable development. Focusing on the building envelope, which plays a key role in building energy consumption, this paper adopts a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experiments to investigate the design concepts and energy optimization strategies of high-performance energy-efficient building envelopes. First, the mechanism by which the thermal performance of the envelope affects building energy consumption is clarified, and corresponding heat transfer and energy consumption calculation models are established. Then, from the perspectives of material selection, structural optimization, and thermal bridge prevention and control, an integrated scheme for high-performance building envelopes is proposed, including the application of new thermal insulation materials, composite wall design, and high-performance window and door systems. Simulation verification for buildings in different climate zones shows that the proposed scheme can reduce total building energy consumption by 30%–45%, among which heating energy consumption can be reduced by 40%–55% and cooling energy consumption by 25%–35%. Life-cycle economic and environmental benefit analyses further indicate that high-performance building envelopes offer significant overall benefits. The research results can provide a reference for building energy-efficient design and support the green and low-carbon development of the construction industry.