Impact of Open-Pit Mine Blasting Technology on Mine Safety
露天矿山爆破技术对矿山安全的影响

摘要

为明晰露天矿山爆破技术对矿山安全的作用机制，为爆破作业安全管控提供科学依据，通过分解爆破技术的核心构成要素，分析其引发的振动、飞石等爆破效应，从边坡稳定性、构筑物安全、人员安全及作业系统可靠性四维度，评估爆破技术对矿山安全的具体影响，明确各技术要素通过爆破效应诱发安全风险的内在规律，最终从参数优化、工艺规范等方面提出针对性防控措施，构建全链条安全管控体系。通过优化孔网参数、单响药量及微差延时参数，可使边坡爆破振动速度降低 40% 以上，大块率降至 8% 以下，边坡稳定系数提升 15%-20%，能有效降低露天矿山爆破作业的安全隐患。

Abstract

To clarify the mechanism by which blasting technology affects safety in open-pit mines and to provide a scientific basis for the safety management and control of blasting operations, this paper analyzes the core components of blasting technology and examines blasting effects such as vibration and flyrock induced by blasting operations. From four dimensions—slope stability, structural safety, personnel safety, and operational system reliability—it evaluates the specific impact of blasting technology on mine safety, identifies the underlying patterns by which various technical factors induce safety risks through blasting effects, and ultimately proposes targeted prevention and control measures in terms of parameter optimization and process standardization, thereby establishing a full-chain safety management and control system. By optimizing blast hole pattern parameters, charge weight per delay, and millisecond delay parameters, the slope blasting vibration velocity can be reduced by more than 40%, the oversize rate can be lowered to below 8%, and the slope stability coefficient can be increased by 15%–20%, effectively reducing safety hazards in blasting operations in open-pit mines.