Calculation and Analysis of Key Factors in Underground Parking Garage Structural Design
地下车库结构设计中关键要素的计算分析及研究

摘要

随着城市地下空间开发的持续深化，地下车库作为整合交通功能、人防需求与设备安置的复合型地下构筑物，其结构设计的精准性直接决定工程安全、耐久性与全生命周期价值。文章针对地下车库土-结构共同作用的复杂受力特性、严苛的环境适应要求，构建涵盖永久荷载、可变荷载、环境作用、偶然作用及特殊因素的关键要素体系，明确各要素的作用机制与量化方法。在此基础上，阐释基于极限状态设计理论的荷载组合逻辑、土压力与水压力计算的土力学原理、地震响应分析的振型分解反应谱法等核心计算理论，结合有限元数值模拟、动力时程分析、CFD火灾仿真等现代技术手段

Abstract

With the continuous deepening of urban underground space development, underground parking garages, as composite underground structures integrating traffic functions, civil defense requirements, and equipment accommodation, rely on the precision of their structural design to ensure engineering safety, durability, and whole-life-cycle value. In view of the complex mechanical behavior arising from soil–structure interaction and the stringent requirements for environmental adaptability in underground parking garage design, this paper establishes a key-factor system covering permanent loads, variable loads, environmental actions, accidental actions, and special factors, and clarifies the mechanisms and quantitative methods associated with each factor. On this basis, it explains the core calculation theories involved, including the load combination logic based on the limit state design theory, the geotechnical principles for calculating earth pressure and water pressure, and the mode-superposition response spectrum method for seismic response analysis, in combination with modern technical means such as finite element numerical simulation, dynamic time-history analysis, and CFD fire simulation.