Land Issues in Urban and Rural Planning and Construction and Corresponding Countermeasures
城乡规划建设中的土地问题及其应对措施

摘要

土地是城乡建设和规划的基本依托以及重要资源。伴随着我国城镇化步入“下半场”，国土空间规划体系逐步建立健全的过程，城乡建设与规划中所面临的问题越来越突出，主要体现为城镇建设用地比例失调，低效闲置严重、无序蔓延，生态环境压力大等一系列问题。文章对城乡建设和规划中存在的土地问题进行了系统分析，在此基础上从政策法规、管理体制、经济因素和社会影响这几个方面探究了土地问题产生的内在根源，最后针对这些问题提出了规划引导、完善制度、节约集约、生态保护四个方面的综合对策措施。

Abstract

Land is the fundamental basis and an important resource for urban and rural construction and planning. As China’s urbanization enters a new stage and the territorial spatial planning system is gradually being improved, land-related problems in urban and rural construction and planning have become increasingly prominent. These problems are mainly manifested in the imbalance in the proportion of urban construction land, the severe inefficiency and idleness of land use, disorderly expansion, and mounting ecological and environmental pressure. This paper systematically analyzes the land issues existing in urban and rural construction and planning. On this basis, it explores the underlying causes of these issues from the perspectives of policies and regulations, management systems, economic factors, and social impacts. Finally, comprehensive countermeasures are proposed in four aspects: planning guidance, institutional improvement, economical and intensive land use, and ecological protection.