Research on Equipment Matching and Construction Technology for Geological Deep-Hole Drilling over 1,000 Meters
超千米地质深孔钻探施工设备配套与施工工艺研究

摘要

面对浅部矿产资源枯竭的情况，寻找深层地下矿藏是未来地质勘探的发展方向之一，而超千米深孔钻探是直接取得深层地质资料的主要方法之一也越发受到重视，但是超千米深孔钻探中存在很多技术难题如高温高压环境，复杂的岩层结构，钻进速度慢，容易产生孔内事故等问题，这对设备的选择以及施工工艺都有更高的要求。本文对超千米地质深孔钻探特点和技术要点进行了总结归纳，随后就钻机系统的选取，钻具的设计等装备配备问题进行讨论，并针对钻孔设计、泥浆体系配置、井眼轨迹控制、取芯技术等问题提出了一些施工工艺改进措施。特别是在泥浆工艺方面，详细阐述了泥浆配制、固控设备使用、性能维护与调整等关键环节；在控斜措施方面，补充了垂直钻井系统、自动垂钻工具以及多级防斜纠斜组合策略。而对深孔开挖的安全及质量问题，提出孔内事故防范、机械设备保养、工程质量监督以及环境保护等一系列综合性对策。

Abstract

In response to the depletion of shallow mineral resources, the exploration of deep underground mineral deposits has become one of the future development directions of geological prospecting. Deep-hole drilling over 1,000 meters is one of the main methods for directly obtaining deep geological data and has therefore attracted increasing attention. However, such drilling operations involve many technical difficulties, including high-temperature and high-pressure environments, complex rock formations, low drilling efficiency, and a high risk of downhole accidents, which impose higher requirements on equipment selection and construction technology. This paper summarizes the characteristics and technical key points of geological deep-hole drilling over 1,000 meters, and then discusses equipment configuration issues such as the selection of drilling rig systems and the design of drilling tools. It also proposes construction technology improvement measures for borehole design, drilling fluid system configuration, borehole trajectory control, and coring technology. In particular, with regard to drilling fluid technology, the paper elaborates on key procedures such as drilling fluid preparation, the use of solids control equipment, and performance maintenance and adjustment. In terms of deviation control, it further discusses vertical drilling systems, automatic vertical drilling tools, and combined multi-stage anti-deviation and deviation-correction strategies. For safety and quality issues in deep-hole drilling, a series of comprehensive countermeasures are proposed, including prevention of downhole accidents, maintenance of mechanical equipment, engineering quality supervision, and environmental protection.