Investigation into Basement Structural Design in High-Rise Building Engineering
高层建筑工程中的地下室结构设计探究

摘要

高层建筑地下室结构设计方案包括基础选择、抗浮设计、防水防渗等一系列的技术细节问题都会影响到整个建筑物的安全性和经济效益。该文详细介绍了地下室结构的作用功能及其受力特征，总结了筏板基础、桩基础等几种常用的地下室结构形式及结构布置方案的应用情况，并对地下室抗浮措施的设计也做了具体分析。结合地下室结构裂缝、渗漏、不均匀沉降等问题的原因机理，提出了解决这些问题的一些建议性的设计改进方法和技术手段，如地下室结构的设计增强、防水防渗、抗浮抗震能力提高等。研究发现适当的基础形式的选择以及合理的防水方案的设计和良好的防裂措施对地下室的安全有着决定性的作用。

Abstract

The structural design scheme for basements in high-rise buildings involves a series of technical details, including foundation selection, anti-floating design, waterproofing, and seepage prevention, all of which affect the safety and economic benefits of the entire building. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the functions and load-bearing characteristics of basement structures, summarizes the application of several commonly used basement structural forms and structural layout schemes, such as raft foundations and pile foundations, and conducts a specific analysis of the design of basement anti-floating measures. Based on the causes and mechanisms of problems such as cracking, leakage, and uneven settlement in basement structures, the paper proposes several suggestive design improvement methods and technical measures, including strengthening basement structural design, improving waterproofing and seepage prevention, and enhancing anti-floating and seismic resistance capacities. The study finds that appropriate selection of foundation forms, reasonable waterproofing design, and effective crack-control measures play a decisive role in ensuring basement safety.