Analysis of the Application of Structural Design Optimization Techniques in Building Structural Design
建筑结构设计中结构设计优化技术运用分析

摘要

建筑结构设计优化技术是推动资源节约型、环境友好型建筑业的关键技术手段。文章详细介绍了建筑结构设计中应用结构设计优化技术的重要性，指出了目前优化设计存在的不足之处，从六大方面即结构体系优化、结构布置及构件尺寸优化、荷载分析与传力路径优化、基础设计优化、抗震性能优化和材料选择与组合优化对如何实施优化技术进行了说明。研究显示，使用智能性能驱动式优化方法联合变密度法和水平集方法进行拓扑优化设计，并用有限元仿真技术迅速地对结构形状进行更新，可以明显提高结构性能指标，减少材料使用量。本文利用工程项目实例来证明综合优化方案实施的结果，在此优化基础上每平米的钢材消耗量减少大约在15%左右、综合造价减少在8%-12%，给建筑设计的实际工作中提供借鉴作用。

Abstract

Structural design optimization techniques are key technical means for promoting a resource-saving and environmentally friendly construction industry. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the importance of applying structural design optimization techniques in building structural design, identifies the existing deficiencies in current optimization design practice, and explains the implementation of optimization techniques from six aspects: structural system optimization, structural layout and component size optimization, load analysis and load-transfer path optimization, foundation design optimization, seismic performance optimization, and material selection and combination optimization. The study shows that the use of intelligent performance-driven optimization methods, combined with the variable density method and the level set method for topology optimization design, and the rapid updating of structural forms through finite element simulation technology, can significantly improve structural performance indicators and reduce material consumption. An engineering project case is used to verify the implementation effect of the comprehensive optimization scheme. Based on the optimization, steel consumption per square meter is reduced by approximately 15%, and the overall construction cost is reduced by 8%–12%, providing reference for practical architectural and structural design work.