Research on the Formation Mechanisms and Prevention Technologies of Bridge Structural Defects
桥梁结构病害形成机理及防治技术研究

摘要

桥梁结构在长期服役期内由于受到材料老化劣化、环境腐蚀、重力作用以及设计制造缺陷等多种原因的影响，肯定会出现各种类型的病害问题，对桥梁结构的安全使用和使用寿命构成了极大的隐患，文章对桥梁病害进行了全面的总结归纳，对其材料老化劣化、环境腐蚀、重力疲劳损伤以及设计制造缺陷四个方面进行详细的分析。在此基础上，综述了桥梁病害的常规检测法、无损检测法、健康监测法及安全评价法等方面的研究现状和发展趋势；介绍了桥梁病害的预防性维护法、表面保护法、修复加固法及长效保养管理法等各种防治措施。

Abstract

During long-term service, bridge structures are inevitably affected by various factors, such as material aging and deterioration, environmental corrosion, gravity-induced effects, fatigue damage, and defects in design and construction. These factors may lead to different types of structural defects, posing serious hidden risks to bridge safety and service life. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of bridge structural defects and conducts a detailed analysis of their formation mechanisms from four aspects: material aging and deterioration, environmental corrosion, gravity and fatigue damage, and design and construction defects. On this basis, the paper reviews the current research status and development trends of conventional inspection methods, non-destructive testing methods, structural health monitoring methods, and safety evaluation methods for bridge defects. It also introduces various prevention and control measures, including preventive maintenance, surface protection, repair and strengthening, and long-term maintenance management.