Water Pollution Characteristics and Remediation Technologies for Urban Rivers

摘要

Abstract

 This paper focuses on water pollution in urban rivers and summarizes the pollution characteristics of river water quality and the spatial distribution patterns of pollution sources based on water quality monitoring data from multiple river reaches. Methods including water quality indicator monitoring, pollution source apportionment, and numerical simulation were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of major pollutants such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and heavy metals. The results show that pollution in urban rivers exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variation, and the pollution level is markedly affected by urbanization, population density, and industrial layout. Point-source pollution is mainly associated with the discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, while non-point-source pollution primarily originates from urban stormwater runoff and agricultural non-point-source inputs. In response to these pollution characteristics, this paper reviews three types of river remediation technologies, namely physical, chemical, and biological remediation, including dredging and bank protection, flocculation and oxidation, constructed wetlands, and aquatic plant remediation. Engineering practices indicate that integrated remediation technologies are more effective than single technologies, with COD removal exceeding 85% and ammonia nitrogen removal reaching over 90%. The findings provide a reference for urban river water environment management and contribute to improving urban water environments and promoting sustainable urban development.