摘要
暖通空调系统在建筑物能耗中所占比例较大，而合理的暖通管道布局及保温措施对提高系统的能效以及正常运行
具有重要意义。从暖通管道布置的技术要点、常见问题及其解决方案、保温技术的研究内容以及两者结合进行优化等
方面进行阐述，在暖通管道布置上总结出相关标准、走向要求以及综合管线协调等，在保温技术上介绍了不同保温材
料的特点并提出了保温层厚度的设计思路。研究发现，岩棉与橡塑用于管道保温时的区别在于工作温度范围、是否需
要防止结露以及防火等级的不同，岩棉导热系数一般为 0.036～0.045W/(m·K)，橡塑材料导热系数一般为 0.032～
0.038W/(m·K)。暖通空调系统在商业建筑中所消耗的能量占比达 40%～60%，而在制冷机房中暖通空调系统所消耗的能
量又占整个暖通空调系统的 60%～70%。BIM 能够进行三维模型之间的碰撞检查，在工厂内进行模块化的生产以及在施
工现场进行实时调节均可以达到毫米级精度。因此，对管道布置及保温进行同步优化是提高暖通系统能效的有效途径。
关键词： 暖通设计；管道布置；保温技术
Abstract
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for a relatively large proportion of building
energy consumption, and reasonable HVAC pipeline layout and thermal insulation measures are of great significance for
improving system energy efficiency and ensuring normal operation. This paper discusses the technical points of HVAC pipeline
layout, common problems and corresponding solutions, thermal insulation technologies, and the integrated optimization of
pipeline layout and insulation measures. In terms of HVAC pipeline layout, relevant standards, routing requirements, and
comprehensive pipeline coordination are summarized. In terms of thermal insulation technology, the characteristics of different
insulation materials are introduced, and design ideas for insulation layer thickness are proposed. The study finds that the
differences between rock wool and rubber-plastic materials used for pipeline insulation mainly lie in their applicable working
temperature ranges, condensation prevention requirements, and fire resistance grades. The thermal conductivity of rock wool is
generally 0.036–0.045 W/(m·K), while that of rubber-plastic materials is generally 0.032–0.038 W/(m·K). HVAC systems
account for 40%–60% of energy consumption in commercial buildings, and in refrigeration plant rooms, HVAC energy
consumption accounts for 60%–70% of the total energy consumption of the entire HVAC system. BIM can be used for clash
detection among three-dimensional models, while modular production in factories and real-time adjustment on construction
sites can achieve millimeter-level accuracy. Therefore, the synchronous optimization of pipeline layout and thermal insulation is
an effective approach to improving the energy efficiency of HVAC systems.
Key words： HVAC design; pipeline layout; thermal insulation technology
参考文献 References
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[3]王伟.基于建筑节能要求的暖通设计优化研究[J].城市开发,2025(14):52-54.
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