摘要
油田锅炉以及压力容器在长时间使用后会发生严重的结垢和腐蚀现象，影响着设备的安全性能以及热效率水平。
而针对油田设备垢质种类繁杂、清洗困难、传统工艺中对腐蚀控制较差等情况进行了垢质形成的原理及腐蚀方式的研
究，总结出了目前市场上所使用的化学清洗技术流程及存在的缺陷，在清洗配方的选择、清洗工艺条件的调控、缓蚀
剂的选择及钝化处理、安全防护方面进行工艺改进研究。同时着重推荐了根据垢质特征制定不同的清洗配方的方法，
得到了最佳清洗温度以及浓度、时间和缓蚀剂的选择方法，选择适配油田设备材料的复合缓蚀剂组合，制定了清洗废
水处理及安全保护措施。清洗试验结果显示，经过配方调试之后碳酸盐垢除垢率从 85.2%提高到了 96.8%，复合缓蚀剂
系统中 20#碳钢的腐蚀速率降低到 1.8g/m²·h 远低于国标规定的 6g/m²·h。而且清洗时间减少约 30%；总体费用节省了大
约 15%的研发成果对油田锅炉及压力容器化学清洗工艺的工业化应用起到技术支持的作用。
关键词： 油田锅炉；压力容器；化学清洗；工艺优化
Abstract
Oilfield boilers and pressure vessels are prone to severe scaling and corrosion after long-term operation, which
affects equipment safety performance and thermal efficiency. In view of the complex scale composition, cleaning difficulty, and
poor corrosion control in traditional processes for oilfield equipment, this paper studies the formation mechanism of scale and
corrosion modes, summarizes the current chemical cleaning process flow and its existing deficiencies, and conducts process
improvement research in terms of cleaning formula selection, control of cleaning process conditions, selection of corrosion
inhibitors, passivation treatment, and safety protection. The paper particularly recommends formulating different cleaning
solutions according to scale characteristics, and determines the optimal cleaning temperature, concentration, duration, and
corrosion inhibitor selection method. A composite corrosion inhibitor system suitable for oilfield equipment materials is
selected, and measures for cleaning wastewater treatment and safety protection are developed. Cleaning test results show that,
after formula adjustment, the descaling rate of carbonate scale increased from 85.2% to 96.8%, and the corrosion rate of 20#
carbon steel in the composite corrosion inhibitor system decreased to 1.8 g/(m²·h), far below the national standard limit of 6
g/(m²·h). In addition, the cleaning time was reduced by approximately 30%, and the overall cost was reduced by about 15%.
The research results provide technical support for the industrial application of chemical cleaning processes for oilfield boilers
and pressure vessels.
Key words： oilfield boiler; pressure vessel; chemical cleaning; process optimization
参考文献 References
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[2]李美珍,周帅.锅炉硫酸盐垢化学清洗分析[J].清洗世界,2025,41(02):1-2+17.
[3]杨长根,樊玉新,张锋,等.超稠油采出水回用锅炉结垢机理研究及优化[J].油气田地面工程,2022,41(02):37-41.
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