Material Selection for Earth-Rock Dam Embankment Filling, Seepage Control, and Slope Stability Design
土石坝坝体填筑材料选型、渗流控制与边坡稳定设计

摘要

土石坝是中小型水利灌溉、防洪蓄水工程的主流坝型，具备适配性强、施工简便、造价经济的优势，在基层水利 工程中应用广泛。当前多数中小型土石坝存在设计精细化不足的问题，不合理的填料选型、防渗排水体系及边坡参数 设计，易引发渗漏、管涌、滑坡等结构病害，影响工程安全运行。本文结合工程实操经验，开展填筑选材、渗流防控 与边坡稳定协同设计研究，明确分区填料标准、防渗排水技术及多工况边坡校核要点，形成适配中小型土石坝的优化 设计方案。研究实操性强，可为基层土石坝建设、病害治理及运维管理提供技术支撑。 

Abstract

Earth-rock dams are the mainstream dam type for small and medium-sized water conservancy projects involving irrigation, flood control, and water storage. They have the advantages of strong adaptability, simple construction, and economical cost, and are widely used in grassroots water conservancy projects. At present, many small and medium-sized earth-rock dams still face insufficient design refinement. Unreasonable selection of filling materials, anti-seepage and drainage systems, and slope parameter design can easily lead to structural defects such as leakage, piping, and landslides, thereby affecting the safe operation of projects. Based on practical engineering experience, this paper conducts a coordinated design study on filling material selection, seepage prevention and control, and slope stability. It clarifies the standards for zoned filling materials, anti-seepage and drainage technologies, and key points for slope stability checking under multiple working conditions, forming an optimized design scheme suitable for small and medium-sized earth-rock dams. The study has strong practical applicability and can provide technical support for grassroots earth-rock dam construction, defect treatment, and operation and maintenance management.