Environmental Geological Effects and Governance of Coal Mining
煤矿开采的环境地质效应及治理

摘要

煤炭资源开采过程中会改变地下岩层原有的应力平衡，产生多种环境地质效应，从水土资源、地表地貌到生物群 落等各方面对原生生态环境造成多层次的破坏，并且还会影响到矿区周边群众的日常生活。开采造成的突出环境问题 主要是地表大面积塌陷变形、地下水系统失衡和水体污染，还会产生滑坡崩塌等可能的地质灾害隐患。为了妥善解决 此类环境地质问题，必须采取全链条治理的思想，依靠监测预警来控制风险，依靠工程修复来整治地质损伤，依靠生 态重建来恢复自然禀赋，多管齐下落实综合治理措施，最大限度地减少开采带来的负面影响，稳步推进资源开发和生 态保护的协同共进，使矿区走上可持续发展的道路。

Abstract

 The exploitation of coal resources changes the original stress balance of underground rock strata and produces various environmental geological effects, causing multi-level damage to the original ecological environment in terms of water and soil resources, surface landforms, biological communities, and other aspects. It also affects the daily life of residents around mining areas. The prominent environmental problems caused by mining mainly include large-scale surface subsidence and deformation, imbalance of groundwater systems, and water pollution, as well as potential geological hazards such as landslides and collapses. To properly solve such environmental geological problems, a whole-chain governance approach should be adopted. Risk control should be achieved through monitoring and early warning, geological damage should be treated through engineering restoration, and natural ecological conditions should be restored through ecological reconstruction. Comprehensive governance measures should be implemented through multiple approaches to minimize the negative impacts of mining, steadily promote the coordinated development of resource exploitation and ecological protection, and guide mining areas toward sustainable development.