Research on the Response Mechanism and Prevention and Control of Soil Erosion and Reservoir Sedimentation Caused by Mountain Torrents: A Case Study of Langhe Reservoir
山洪致水土流失与水库淤积响应及防控研究——以浪河水库为例

摘要

山区短时强降雨山洪是水土流失、水库淤积核心诱因，削弱水库综合效益并威胁流域水生态安全。以丹江口浪河 水库流域为对象，依托水文、降雨及淤积监测数据，探究山洪驱动下水土流失、泥沙输移与库区淤积响应规律。研究 显示，区域地形陡峻、坡耕地集中、降雨集中，坡面冲刷与沟道溯源侵蚀加剧土壤流失，入库泥沙压缩库容、降低调 蓄能力；山洪强度与水土流失、淤积速率显著正相关，极端山洪主导泥沙淤积。结合治理实践，从源头、过程、末端、 管护四维构建协同防控体系，配套坡耕地改造、生态拦截、智能监测、生态清淤等措施，可为丹江口库区支流治理提 供参考。

Abstract

Mountain torrents caused by short-duration heavy rainfall in mountainous areas are a core driver of soil erosion and reservoir sedimentation, weakening the comprehensive benefits of reservoirs and threatening water ecological security in the basin. Taking the Langhe Reservoir basin in Danjiangkou as the research object, this study explores the response patterns of soil erosion, sediment transport, and reservoir sedimentation driven by mountain torrents based on hydrological, rainfall, and sedimentation monitoring data. The results show that the region is characterized by steep terrain, concentrated sloping farmland, and concentrated rainfall. Slope scouring and headward erosion of channels intensify soil loss, while sediment entering the reservoir reduces storage capacity and decreases regulation and storage capacity. Mountain torrent intensity is significantly positively correlated with soil erosion and sedimentation rate, and extreme mountain torrents dominate sediment deposition. In combination with governance practices, a coordinated prevention and control system is constructed from four dimensions: source control, process interception, terminal treatment, and long-term management and maintenance. Supporting measures such as sloping farmland improvement, ecological interception, intelligent monitoring, and ecological dredging can provide references for the governance of tributaries in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area.