Research on Factors Affecting the Operational Stability of Primary Equipment in Offshore Photovoltaic Power Stations and Optimization Measures
海上光伏电站一次设备运行稳定性影响因素及优化研究

摘要

海上光伏电站面临高盐雾、高湿度、强风浪等复杂海洋环境的挑战，一次设备运行稳定性直接影响发电效益与安 全寿命。与陆上光伏相比，固定式海上光伏用桩基结构把支架和组件固定在海床上，设备长期处在浪溅区、潮差区， 腐蚀环境更加恶劣。基于故障树模型进行故障模式分析有助于识别桩基固定式光伏的环境适应性薄弱环节。分析海洋 环境因素及设备选型对稳定性的影响，针对光伏组件衰减、箱变受潮、电缆腐蚀、保护装置误动等关键问题，从防腐 工艺、设备选型、状态监测及运维管理四维度提出优化措施。 

Abstract

Offshore photovoltaic power stations face challenges from complex marine environments, such as high salt spray, high humidity, and strong winds and waves. The operational stability of primary equipment directly affects power generation efficiency and safe service life. Compared with land-based photovoltaic power stations, fixed offshore photovoltaic systems use pile foundations to secure supports and modules to the seabed, leaving equipment exposed for long periods to splash zones and tidal range zones, where the corrosive environment is more severe. Fault mode analysis based on a fault tree model helps identify weak links in the environmental adaptability of pile-fixed photovoltaic systems. This paper analyzes the influence of marine environmental factors and equipment selection on operational stability. Focusing on key problems such as photovoltaic module degradation, moisture intrusion in box-type transformers, cable corrosion, and misoperation of protection devices, it proposes optimization measures from four dimensions: anti-corrosion technology, equipment selection, condition monitoring, and operation and maintenance management.