The Impact of Water Resources Development and Utilization Intensity on Ecological Base Flow in Rivers and Lakes
水资源开发利用强度对河湖生态基流的影响

摘要

河湖生态基流是维系水生态系统结构与功能的底线流量。随着人口增长和经济发展，农业灌溉、工业及生活取水 规模持续扩大，闸坝、水库等控制性工程密度显著增加。这些因素共同构成了高强度水资源开发利用格局，深刻干扰 了河流天然水文节律。本文以台兰河为研究对象，系统分析了人工引水强度跃升对河道生态基流的影响。在此基础上， 提出合理设定开发强度阈值、将生态基流保障刚性纳入水工程生态调度、强化监测预警与河道外取用水管控等对策， 以期为干旱区河湖生态保护与水资源可持续利用提供科学依据。

Abstract

Ecological base flow in rivers and lakes is the minimum flow required to maintain the structure and functions of aquatic ecosystems. With population growth and economic development, the scale of water withdrawal for agricultural irrigation, industrial production, and domestic use has continued to expand, while the density of control projects such as sluices, dams, and reservoirs has increased significantly. Together, these factors have formed a pattern of high-intensity water resources development and utilization, profoundly disrupting the natural hydrological rhythms of rivers. Taking the Tailan River as the research object, this paper systematically analyzes the impact of the sharp increase in artificial water diversion intensity on ecological base flow in river channels. On this basis, it proposes countermeasures such as reasonably setting thresholds for development intensity, incorporating rigid ecological base flow guarantees into the ecological operation of water projects, and strengthening monitoring, early warning, and control over off-channel water withdrawal. The study aims to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection of rivers and lakes and sustainable utilization of water resources in arid regions.