Research on Anti-Corrosion Protection and Long-Term Operation Strategies for Offshore Photovoltaic Equipment in Nearshore Environments
近海环境下海上光伏设备防腐防护及长效运行策略研究

摘要

海上光伏属于沿海地区清洁能源开发的主要方向，但是近海环境中的高盐雾、高湿热、强紫外辐射以及干湿交替 等状况，给设备带来了严重的腐蚀危害。经由长时间的海洋暴露以及多环境耦合加速试验得知，未涂层试样的海洋暴 露及加速试验腐蚀速率分别为0.28mm/a、1.1mm/a，腐蚀会导致试件疲劳极限下降31.6%。盐雾应力对光伏组件的电性 能影响很小，但是会加大电势诱导衰减效应，钠离子渗透到电池内部起协同作用。针对以上问题，对近海环境下腐蚀 机理及运行特点进行分析，从材料选择、涂层体系、电气防护、监测评估等角度提出防腐关键技术，再构建起材料优 化、全生命周期运维、智能预警和持续改进四个方面的长效运行保障体系，为海上光伏工程提供技术支持。 

Abstract

Offshore photovoltaic power generation is a major direction for clean energy development in coastal areas. However, high salt spray, high humidity and heat, strong ultraviolet radiation, and alternating dry-wet conditions in nearshore environments cause serious corrosion hazards to equipment. Long-term marine exposure tests and multi-environment coupled accelerated tests show that the corrosion rates of uncoated specimens under marine exposure and accelerated testing are 0.28 mm/a and 1.1 mm/a, respectively, and corrosion can reduce the fatigue limit of specimens by 31.6%. Salt-spray stress has little effect on the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules, but it can aggravate potential-induced degradation, with sodium ions penetrating into the cells and producing a synergistic effect. In response to these problems, this paper analyzes the corrosion mechanisms and operational characteristics of offshore photovoltaic equipment in nearshore environments, proposes key anti-corrosion technologies from the perspectives of material selection, coating systems, electrical protection, and monitoring evaluation, and further constructs a long-term operation guarantee system covering material optimization, whole-life-cycle operation and maintenance, intelligent early warning, and continuous improvement. The study provides technical support for offshore photovoltaic projects.