Construction and Practice of a Whole-Life-Cycle Equipment Operation and Maintenance Management System for Offshore Photovoltaic Power Stations
海上光伏电站全生命周期设备运维管理体系构建与实践

摘要

海上光伏电站长期处于高盐雾、强台风、潮汐冲刷、生物附着等复合恶劣环境下，设备运维遇到腐蚀速率快、可 达性差、安全风险大等问题。传统的分段式、被动式的运维方式已经不能满足大规模发展可靠性的需要。本文主要研 究海上光伏电站全生命周期设备运维管理，分析海上环境对设备运维的特殊约束条件，提出覆盖设计制造、施工安装、 运营维护、退役拆除四个阶段的全生命周期运维管理体系框架。根据2025年实际工程运行数据，海上光伏年均运维成 本达0.1～0.15元/W，约为陆上项目的3～5倍，单艘运维船年燃油费超80万元。本文就组织架构标准化、作业流程制 度化、数字化监测平台化、绩效改进闭环化这四个主要方面来论述体系的主要构成要素。

Abstract

Offshore photovoltaic power stations are exposed for long periods to harsh compound environments characterized by high salt spray, strong typhoons, tidal scouring, and biological attachment. Equipment operation and maintenance face problems such as rapid corrosion, poor accessibility, and high safety risks. Traditional segmented and passive operation and maintenance methods can no longer meet the reliability requirements of large-scale development. This paper mainly studies whole-life-cycle equipment operation and maintenance management for offshore photovoltaic power stations, analyzes the special constraints imposed by the offshore environment on equipment operation and maintenance, and proposes a whole-life-cycle operation and maintenance management framework covering four stages: design and manufacturing, construction and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and dismantling. According to actual engineering operation data in 2025, the average annual operation and maintenance cost of offshore photovoltaic projects reaches 0.1–0.15 yuan/W, about 3–5 times that of land-based projects, while the annual fuel cost of a single operation and maintenance vessel exceeds 800,000 yuan. This paper discusses the main components of the system from four aspects: standardization of organizational structure, institutionalization of operating procedures, platform-based digital monitoring, and closed-loop performance improvement.