Research on the Reliability of Photovoltaic Equipment in High-Humidity and High-Salinity Environments
高湿高盐环境下光伏设备可靠性研究

摘要

高湿高盐环境给光伏设备的长期可靠运行造成严重威胁。文章对环境特征及其影响机制进行了分析，研究了湿热 老化和盐雾腐蚀这两种主要的失效机理，综述了加速老化试验设计、盐雾与湿气耦合试验、性能在线表征和寿命预测 等可靠性试验方法。就失效机理和试验方法而言，从材料选择和表面保护、封装结构改进、电气系统抗腐蚀设计、运 维和状态评价四个方面给出了可靠性改善的途径，给沿海和海上光伏电站的设计选型和运维管理给予技术上的参照。

Abstract

 High-humidity and high-salinity environments pose serious threats to the long-term reliable operation of photovoltaic equipment. This paper analyzes environmental characteristics and their influence mechanisms, studies two major failure mechanisms, namely damp-heat aging and salt-spray corrosion, and reviews reliability testing methods such as accelerated aging test design, coupled salt-spray and humidity testing, online performance characterization, and life prediction. Based on failure mechanisms and testing methods, reliability improvement paths are proposed from four aspects: material selection and surface protection, improvement of encapsulation structures, corrosion-resistant design of electrical systems, and operation, maintenance, and condition assessment. The study provides technical reference for the design selection, operation, and maintenance management of coastal and offshore photovoltaic power stations.