Anti-Seepage Construction Technology and Quality Control for Levee Projects
堤防工程防渗施工工艺及质量控制

摘要

平原土质堤防是流域防洪减灾核心水工构筑物，渗流破坏是堤防运行期最常见结构性病害，极易诱发管涌、堤坡 滑移、堤身溃塌等安全事故。为解决堤防防渗工艺选型盲目、工序管控碎片化、病害防控滞后等工程痛点，本文以沿 江平原土质堤防为研究对象，划分堤身、堤基、接触面三类典型渗漏类型，从自然环境、土体物性、施工建设、后期 运维四维剖析渗漏形成机理。结合地质条件、防洪等级、造价工期约束条件，确定防渗工艺选型准则，对比分析复合 土工膜、劈裂灌浆、帷幕灌浆、塑性混凝土防渗墙四类主流防渗工艺施工原理、适用工况与施工重难点，构建事前勘 察预控、事中工序管控、事后运维管护一体化全周期质量管控体系，归纳防渗施工高频病害成因并制定专项防控方案。 研究表明，因地制宜匹配防渗工艺、严控接缝施工质量、落实闭环质控，可有效提升堤体防渗稳定性，研究可为同区 域土质堤防除险加固、防渗施工提供工程参考。

Abstract

 Plain earth levees are core hydraulic structures for flood control and disaster reduction in river basins. Seepage failure is the most common structural disease during levee operation, and can easily induce safety accidents such as piping, levee slope sliding, and levee body collapse. To address engineering problems such as blind selection of anti-seepage techniques, fragmented process control, and delayed disease prevention and control, this paper takes plain earth levees along rivers as the research object. It divides typical leakage problems into three categories: levee body leakage, levee foundation leakage, and contact-surface leakage, and analyzes the formation mechanism of leakage from four dimensions: natural environment, soil physical properties, construction, and later operation and maintenance. Based on geological conditions, flood control grade, cost, and construction-period constraints, selection criteria for anti-seepage techniques are determined. Four mainstream anti-seepage technologies, namely composite geomembrane, split grouting, curtain grouting, and plastic concrete cutoff walls, are comparatively analyzed in terms of construction principles, applicable conditions, and key construction difficulties. A full-cycle quality control system integrating pre-construction investigation and prevention, in-process procedure control, and post-construction operation and maintenance is constructed. The causes of frequent diseases in anti-seepage construction are summarized, and special prevention and control measures are formulated. The study shows that matching anti-seepage techniques according to local conditions, strictly controlling joint construction quality, and implementing closed-loop quality control can effectively improve the anti-seepage stability of levee bodies. The research may provide engineering reference for risk elimination, reinforcement, and anti-seepage construction of earth levees in similar regions.