Low-Power Design and Implementation of an Embedded Data Acquisition System
嵌入式数据采集系统低功耗设计与实现

摘要

随着物联网与边缘计算技术的迅猛发展，嵌入式数据采集系统正朝着微型化、智能化与长续航方向演进。低功耗 设计已成为制约该类系统广泛应用的核心瓶颈。本文聚焦于嵌入式数据采集系统的架构优化与能效提升策略，深入剖 析从硬件电路选型、电源管理架构重构到软件算法协同调度的全链路低功耗机制。通过构建动态电压频率调节模型与 事件驱动型休眠唤醒机制，提出一种基于负载感知的自适应功耗控制方法，旨在突破传统静态功耗设计的局限，显著 提升系统在复杂环境下的能量利用效率与运行稳定性，为下一代绿色感知网络提供理论支撑与技术路径。 

Abstract

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and edge computing technologies, embedded data acquisition systems are evolving toward miniaturization, intelligence, and long battery life. Low-power design has become a core bottleneck restricting the wide application of such systems. This paper focuses on architectural optimization and energy-efficiency improvement strategies for embedded data acquisition systems, and provides an in-depth analysis of the full-chain low-power mechanism, ranging from hardware circuit selection and power management architecture reconstruction to collaborative scheduling of software algorithms. By constructing a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling model and an event-driven sleep–wake mechanism, this paper proposes a load-aware adaptive power control method. The aim is to overcome the limitations of traditional static power design, significantly improve the system’s energy utilization efficiency and operational stability in complex environments, and provide theoretical support and a technical path for the next generation of green sensing networks.