Design of Fire Separation Distance and Fire-Resistant Enclosure Structures for Class A Workshops in Chemical Industrial Parks
化工园区甲类厂房防火间距与防火围护结构设计

摘要

化工园区甲类厂房涉及低闪点液体、可燃气体或具有爆炸危险的生产介质，火灾发展速度快，且易通过热辐射、 爆炸冲击和飞散物作用引发相邻建筑次生事故。针对工程设计中仅按单一规范表格确定间距、围护结构与泄压构造相 互割裂、节点封堵连续性不足等问题，本文建立“危险性定类—规范体系识别—法定间距校核—事故后果复核—围护 结构协同设计—施工验收闭环”的设计方法。研究提出，甲类厂房防火间距应同时满足建筑防火、专项行业标准及园 区整体安全风险评估要求，并以热辐射、超压和毒性影响计算结果进行补充校核；防火围护结构则应围绕耐火完整性、 隔热性、抗爆与泄压方向控制，重点处理防火墙、钢结构防火保护、门窗洞口及管线贯穿节点。该方法能够提升总图 布置与建筑构造之间的协调性，为化工园区新建及改扩建甲类厂房的消防设计提供技术依据。 

Abstract

Class A workshops in chemical industrial parks involve low-flash-point liquids, combustible gases, or production media with explosion hazards. Fires in such facilities develop rapidly and may easily trigger secondary accidents in adjacent buildings through thermal radiation, explosion impact, and flying debris. To address problems in engineering design, such as determining separation distances only according to a single code table, separating enclosure structures from pressure-relief structures, and insufficient continuity of node sealing, this paper establishes a design method involving “hazard classification—code system identification—statutory distance verification—accident consequence review—coordinated design of enclosure structures—closed-loop construction acceptance.” The study proposes that the fire separation distance of Class A workshops should meet the requirements of building fire protection, specialized industry standards, and overall safety risk assessment of the park, while supplementary verification should be conducted based on calculation results of thermal radiation, overpressure, and toxic impacts. Fire-resistant enclosure structures should focus on fire integrity, thermal insulation, explosion resistance, and control of pressure-relief direction, with emphasis on firewalls, fire protection of steel structures, door and window openings, and pipeline penetration nodes. This method can improve the coordination between general layout and building construction, providing a technical basis for fire protection design in newly built, reconstructed, and expanded Class A workshops in chemical industrial parks.