Research on the Improvement and Optimization of Ship Loader Operating Efficiency
装船机运行效率提升与优化研究

摘要

装船机是散货码头装船作业的主要设备，它的工作效率直接影响到码头的吞吐量和经济效益。目前我国散货码头 装船机运行还存在着作业循环时间长、多机构协同控制精度不高、供料系统流速匹配不好等状况，从而影响到整个运 行效率的提高。文章在系统整理装船机运行效率现状和瓶颈之后，创建起装船作业循环时序解析模型，还做了关键影 响因素的敏感性分析。因此从装船工艺路径和移舱策略优化、俯仰回转和伸缩机构协同控制、供料系统流速匹配和缓 冲容量优化、智能辅助决策和远程操控提升四个方面给出系统性的改进措施。最后从实施原则和总体流程、装备可靠 性保障、作业标准化和人员技能提升、运行数据驱动的迭代优化机制等几个方面来建立优化实施的保障体系，为散货 码头装船机运行效率的持续改善提供理论依据和实践借鉴。 

Abstract

Ship loaders are the main equipment used for loading operations at bulk cargo terminals, and their operating efficiency directly affects terminal throughput and economic benefits. At present, ship loader operations at bulk cargo terminals in China still face problems such as long operating cycle times, insufficient coordination control accuracy among multiple mechanisms, and poor flow-rate matching in the feeding system, which restrict the improvement of overall operating efficiency. After systematically reviewing the current operating efficiency and bottlenecks of ship loaders, this paper establishes a time-sequence analysis model for ship loading operation cycles and conducts a sensitivity analysis of key influencing factors. Accordingly, systematic improvement measures are proposed from four aspects: optimization of ship loading process routes and hatch-shifting strategies, coordinated control of luffing, slewing, and telescopic mechanisms, flow-rate matching and buffer capacity optimization of the feeding system, and enhancement of intelligent decision support and remote operation. Finally, an implementation guarantee system for optimization is established from several aspects, including implementation principles and overall procedures, equipment reliability assurance, operation standardization and personnel skill improvement, and an iterative optimization mechanism driven by operating data. The study provides theoretical basis and practical reference for the continuous improvement of ship loader operating efficiency at bulk cargo terminals.