Ion Migration Behavior and Interfacial Reaction Mechanisms in Energy Storage Materials
储能材料中离子迁移行为与界面反应机制

摘要

离子迁移和界面反应是影响电化学储能材料倍率性能、循环寿命及安全性的两个关键过程。充放电过 程中，载流离子需要经历电解质迁移、界面传输、电荷转移和电极内部扩散，界面区域还会发生电解质分解、 钝化膜生成及局部结构重构。传输速率与界面反应相互制约，易形成浓差极化、阻抗增长和非均匀离子沉积。 本文分析不同介质中的离子迁移特征及SEI、CEI和固—固界面的反应机制，并从结构设计、界面修饰和电解 质调控方面提出改善思路，为高倍率和长寿命储能材料设计提供依据。

Abstract

 Ion migration and interfacial reactions are two key processes affecting the rate performance, cycle life, and safety of electrochemical energy storage materials. During charging and discharging, charge-carrying ions undergo electrolyte migration, interfacial transport, charge transfer, and internal diffusion within electrodes. Meanwhile, electrolyte decomposition, passivation film formation, and local structural reconstruction occur in the interfacial region. Transport rate and interfacial reactions restrict each other, easily leading to concentration polarization, impedance growth, and non-uniform ion deposition. This paper analyzes the characteristics of ion migration in different media and the reaction mechanisms of SEI, CEI, and solid–solid interfaces, and proposes improvement strategies from the perspectives of structural design, interfacial modification, and electrolyte regulation, providing a basis for the design of high-rate and long-life energy storage materials.