Research on Migration Characteristics and Interfacial Adsorption Behavior of Microplastics in Aquatic Environments
微塑料在水体环境中的迁移特征与界面吸附行为研究

摘要

微塑料具有粒径小、环境持久性强和界面活性明显等特点，其在水体中可发生悬浮、沉降、再悬浮及 水平输移，并通过吸附作用改变重金属、抗生素等污染物的环境归趋。文章分析微塑料粒径、密度和表面性 质对迁移状态的影响，探讨疏水作用、静电作用、氢键、表面络合及孔隙填充等界面吸附机制，并结合典型 公开试验数据分析聚合物类型、老化程度、pH、盐度和溶解性有机质的调节作用。研究表明，微塑料迁移与 吸附具有明显耦合性，环境老化和生物膜附着进一步增加其复合污染行为的不确定性。

Abstract

 Microplastics are characterized by small particle size, strong environmental persistence, and obvious interfacial activity. In aquatic environments, they can undergo suspension, sedimentation, resuspension, and horizontal transport, and can alter the environmental fate of pollutants such as heavy metals and antibiotics through adsorption. This paper analyzes the effects of particle size, density, and surface properties of microplastics on their migration states, explores interfacial adsorption mechanisms such as hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, surface complexation, and pore filling, and examines the regulatory effects of polymer type, aging degree, pH, salinity, and dissolved organic matter in combination with typical publicly available experimental data. The study shows that microplastic migration and adsorption are obviously coupled, while environmental aging and biofilm attachment further increase the uncertainty of their combined pollution behavior.