Thermal Stability and Structural Regulation Paths of Polymer Composite Systems
高分子复合体系的热稳定性及结构调控路径

摘要

高分子材料在持续受热条件下容易发生主链断裂、侧基脱除、氧化和挥发性产物释放，热稳定性直接 关系材料的服役温度与使用寿命。复合化可以通过限制分子链运动、增强界面结合、改变热质迁移路径和促 进稳定炭层形成调节热降解过程。文章分析基体结构、填料分散、界面层及阻隔效应对高分子复合体系热稳 定性的作用，比较层状硅酸盐、纳米二氧化硅、碳纳米管与石墨烯等填料的特点，并提出界面功能化、多尺 度协同和稳定网络构筑等调控路径，为耐热高分子复合材料设计提供参考。

Abstract

Polymer materials are prone to main-chain scission, side-group elimination, oxidation, and the release of volatile products under continuous heating conditions, and their thermal stability is directly related to service temperature and service life. Composite modification can regulate the thermal degradation process by restricting molecular chain movement, enhancing interfacial bonding, changing heat and mass transfer paths, and promoting the formation of stable char layers. This paper analyzes the effects of matrix structure, filler dispersion, interfacial layers, and barrier effects on the thermal stability of polymer composite systems, compares the characteristics of fillers such as layered silicates, nano-silica, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, and proposes regulation paths including interfacial functionalization, multiscale synergy, and stable network construction, providing reference for the design of heat resistant polymer composite materials.