Analysis of Organic Pollutant Degradation Processes and Reaction Pathways in Water Environments
水环境中有机污染物降解过程及反应路径分析

摘要

水环境中的酚类、抗生素、染料及农药等有机污染物具有结构稳定、迁移范围广和部分难生物降解等 特点。高级氧化能够通过羟基自由基、硫酸根自由基、单线态氧及界面电子转移破坏污染物分子结构，但母 体污染物消失并不等同于完全矿化。文章分析有机污染物由分子活化、官能团转化、断键、开环到小分子矿 化的基本过程，并结合双酚A等典型污染物公开实验结果讨论自由基与非自由基反应路径。结果表明，pH、 水体基质、催化剂性质及活性物种类型共同影响降解速率和产物分布，反应路径识别是评价实际净化效果的 重要基础。

Abstract

 Organic pollutants in water environments, such as phenols, antibiotics, dyes, and pesticides, are characterized by stable structures, wide migration ranges, and partial resistance to biodegradation. Advanced oxidation can destroy pollutant molecular structures through hydroxyl radicals, sulfate radicals, singlet oxygen, and interfacial electron transfer, but the disappearance of parent pollutants does not necessarily mean complete mineralization. This paper analyzes the basic processes of organic pollutants from molecular activation, functional group transformation, bond cleavage, and ring opening to small-molecule mineralization, and discusses radical and non-radical reaction pathways in combination with publicly available experimental results on typical pollutants such as bisphenol A. The results show that pH, water matrix, catalyst properties, and active species types jointly affect degradation rates and product distribution, and reaction pathway identification is an important basis for evaluating actual purification effects.