Research on Structural Optimization and Performance Improvement of Wear-Resistant Centrifugal Pumps for Coal Mines
煤矿用耐磨离心泵结构优化与性能提升研究

摘要

为了解决煤矿主排水离心泵输送含固介质造成的过流部件磨损快、效率下降、密封失效等问题，从叶 轮和压水室结构改进、高耐磨材料及表面强化、密封防泄漏、机组对中减振和运行调节等几个方面提出了系 统的优化措施。首级叶轮叶片进口边堆焊硬质合金，加大隔舌圆角，采用环形和螺旋组合压水室，叶轮和泵 体用高铬铸铁并辅以等离子堆焊，填料密封采用外冲洗方案，激光对中并调校支撑刚度，配置变频调速装置 避开临界转速，保持高效区运行。经过固液两相流仿真和Finnie磨损模型预测、样机测试、现场6个月考核， 优化泵在含砂质量浓度为3%时叶轮寿命由原来的2100h提高到现在的5800h，效率提高4.5个百分点，振动 烈度降低39%，维修成本降低。从结果可以看出，结构、材料、密封、运行方式四者共同优化可以提高煤矿耐 磨离心泵的可靠性以及经济性。

Abstract

To solve problems such as rapid wear of flow-passage components, efficiency decline, and seal failure caused by the transportation of solids-containing media by centrifugal pumps for main drainage in coal mines, this paper proposes systematic optimization measures from several aspects, including structural improvement of the impeller and volute chamber, high-wear-resistant materials and surface strengthening, sealing and leakage prevention, unit alignment and vibration reduction, and operation regulation. Hard alloy surfacing is applied to the inlet edge of the first-stage impeller blades, the fillet radius of the cutwater is increased, and a combined annular and spiral volute chamber is adopted. High-chromium cast iron, supplemented by plasma surfacing, is used for the impeller and pump body. An external flushing scheme is adopted for the packing seal. Laser alignment is carried out and support stiffness is adjusted, while a variable-frequency speed regulation device is configured to avoid critical speeds and maintain operation in the high-efficiency range. Through solid-liquid two-phase flow simulation, Finnie wear model prediction, prototype testing, and a six-month field assessment, the service life of the optimized pump impeller increased from 2,100 h to 5,800 h when the sand mass concentration was 3%. The efficiency increased by 4.5 percentage points, vibration severity decreased by 39%, and maintenance costs were reduced. The results show that the coordinated optimization of structure, materials, sealing, and operation mode can improve the reliability and economy of wear resistant centrifugal pumps for coal mines.