Study on the Effects of Early Postoperative Rehabilitation Training on Lower-Limb Functional Recovery and Quality of Life
术后早期康复训练对下肢功能恢复及生活质量的影响研究

摘要

术后制动可引起肌力下降、关节僵硬及活动能力受损，影响下肢骨科患者的功能和生活质量。本文围 绕成人下肢骨折内固定及髋、膝关节置换术，分析早期康复的作用机制、实施条件和临床效果。现有证据表 明，在生命体征稳定、手术结构允许且疼痛得到控制的前提下，实施关节活动、肌力、转移、负重及步行训练， 能够促进功能恢复并缩短住院时间。其效果取决于风险评估、运动剂量、多学科协作和院外连续管理，不能将“早 期”简单等同于高强度训练。

Abstract

 Postoperative immobilization can lead to decreased muscle strength, joint stiffness, and impaired mobility, thereby affecting lower-limb function and quality of life in orthopedic patients. Focusing on adult patients undergoing internal fixation for lower-limb fractures and hip or knee arthroplasty, this study analyzes the mechanisms, implementation conditions, and clinical effects of early rehabilitation. Available evidence indicates that, when vital signs are stable, the surgical condition permits, and pain is adequately controlled, early interventions involving joint range-of-motion exercises, muscle strengthening, transfer training, weight-bearing, and walking training can promote functional recovery and shorten the length of hospital stay. The effectiveness of early rehabilitation depends on appropriate risk assessment, exercise dosage, multidisciplinary collaboration, and continuity of post-discharge care. “Early” rehabilitation should not be simply equated with high-intensity training.