Influencing Factors and Health Intervention Strategies for Neck, Shoulder, and Low Back Discomfort in Occupational Populations
职业人群颈肩腰背不适的影响因素及健康干预策略

摘要

颈肩腰背不适是职业人群常见的肌肉骨骼健康问题，其发生与持续静态姿势、重复操作、搬抬负荷、 劳动组织、职业压力及个体健康状况有关。本文结合我国重点行业调查和干预研究，分析职业性颈肩腰背不 适的流行特征与影响机制。研究认为，防控重点应由单纯姿势教育转向工程改造、工时与休息优化、岗位运 动和早期诊疗相结合的综合模式，并依据疼痛、功能和工作能力变化开展动态评价。

Abstract

Neck, shoulder, and low back discomfort is a common musculoskeletal health problem among occupational populations. Its occurrence is associated with prolonged static postures, repetitive operations, manual handling loads, work organization, occupational stress, and individual health status. Drawing on surveys and intervention studies from major industries in China, this study analyzes the epidemiological characteristics and influencing mechanisms of occupational neck, shoulder, and low back discomfort. The findings suggest that prevention and control should shift from posture education alone to a comprehensive model integrating ergonomic modifications, optimization of working hours and rest periods, workplace exercise, and early diagnosis and treatment. Dynamic evaluation should also be conducted on the basis of changes in pain, physical function, and work ability