Research on Key Technologies for Precision Control in Prefabricated Building Construction
装配式建筑施工精度控制关键技术研究

摘要

随着建筑工业化推进，装配式建筑凭借绿色环保、质量可控、施工快捷等优势得到快速发展，但施工精度不足引发的结构安全与质量问题，已成为制约其推广的关键因素。本文针对装配式建筑施工精度控制难题，采用理论分析、数值模拟与工程实践相结合的方法，围绕预制构件生产、运输存放、现场吊装定位及节点连接等关键环节展开研究，提出基于 BIM 的全过程精度控制方法，建立多维度精度控制标准与评价体系，并研发集成激光扫描、全站仪测量与智能传感器监测的精度控制技术系统。工程应用结果表明，该技术可将构件生产精度控制在 ±2mm 以内，现场安装精度控制在 ±3mm 以内，显著提升装配式建筑施工质量与效率。研究成果对提高装配式建筑施工精度具有重要的工程指导意义。

Abstract

 With the advancement of construction industrialization, prefabricated buildings have developed rapidly due to their advantages of environmental friendliness, controllable quality, and high construction efficiency. However, structural safety and quality problems caused by insufficient construction precision have become a key factor restricting their wider adoption. Focusing on the challenges of precision control in prefabricated building construction, this paper adopts a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering practice. It investigates key stages including prefabricated component production, transportation and storage, on-site hoisting and positioning, and joint connection. A BIM-based whole-process precision control method is proposed, a multidimensional precision control standard and evaluation system is established, and a precision control technology system integrating laser scanning, total station measurement, and intelligent sensor monitoring is developed. Engineering application results show that this technology can control component production accuracy within ±2 mm and on-site installation accuracy within ±3 mm, significantly improving the construction quality and efficiency of prefabricated buildings. The research results provide important engineering guidance for improving construction precision in prefabricated buildings.