Common Technical Problems and Solutions in Lightning Protection Inspection of Buildings
建筑物防雷检测工作中的常见技术问题及解决处理

摘要

防雷检测属于检验建筑物雷电防护装置是否有效的办法，也是保证人民生命财产安全的重要手段。文章以 GB/T 21431-2023 和 GB 50057 等现行标准为依据，对接闪器与引下线、接地装置与等电位连接、电涌保护器（SPD）检测中 常见的技术问题进行了系统的整理，主要分析了接地电阻测量受到环境耦合干扰的影响、引下线电气连续性变差、接 闪器保护范围不够、SPD 劣化判定等问题。在此基础上，从测量干扰消除、设施修复与整改、仪器校准与选型、现场 干扰识别抑制、数据复核、报告规范化等几个方面提出系统的解决措施和质量保证方案，为提高防雷检测工作的科学 性、规范性、可靠性提供技术上的参考。

Abstract

Lightning protection inspection is an important means of verifying whether lightning protection devices in buildings are effective, and it is also a key measure for safeguarding people’s lives and property. Based on current standards such as GB/T 21431—2023 and GB 50057, this paper systematically reviews common technical problems in the inspection of air-termination devices and down conductors, grounding devices and equipotential bonding, and surge protective devices (SPDs). It mainly analyzes problems such as the influence of environmental coupling interference on grounding resistance measurement, reduced electrical continuity of down conductors, insufficient protection range of air-termination devices, and deterioration assessment of SPDs. On this basis, systematic solutions and quality assurance measures are proposed from several aspects, including measurement interference elimination, facility repair and rectification, instrument calibration and selection, on-site interference identification and suppression, data rechecking, and report standardization. The study provides technical reference for improving the scientificity, standardization, and reliability of lightning protection inspection.