Research on the Construction and Management of Surveying, Mapping and Geographic Information Databases
测绘地理信息数据库建设与管理研究

摘要

测绘地理信息数据库是我国空间数据基础设施的核心，对自然资源管理、国土空间规划及数字城市建设具有重要 支撑作用。当前数据呈现多源、海量、异构特征，传统建库管理面临标准化程度低、更新滞后、共享困难等挑战。从 测绘地理信息数据信息化管理与运用层面，建立集测绘成果、航摄航测、遥感监测与制图于一体的数据库档案，实现 文字、数字与图形三位一体管理。阐述了数据库建设的关键内容，包括数据采集与标准化处理、结构设计与存储管理， 分析了空间数据组织、更新、质量控制及共享服务等关键技术，并从制度体系、安全权限、智能化运维、共享服务四 个维度提出优化策略。

Abstract

Surveying, mapping and geographic information databases are the core of China’s spatial data infrastructure and play an important supporting role in natural resources management, territorial spatial planning, and digital city construction. At present, data are characterized by multiple sources, massive volumes, and heterogeneous structures. Traditional database construction and management face challenges such as a low degree of standardization, delayed updating, and difficulties in data sharing. From the perspective of information-based management and application of surveying, mapping and geographic information data, a database archive integrating surveying and mapping results, aerial photography and photogrammetry, remote sensing monitoring, and cartography is established to realize the integrated management of text, numerical data, and graphics. This paper expounds the key contents of database construction, including data acquisition and standardized processing, structural design, and storage management. It also analyzes key technologies such as spatial data organization, updating, quality control, and sharing services, and proposes optimization strategies from four dimensions: institutional system, security permissions, intelligent operation and maintenance, and sharing services.