Risk Control and Remediation Pathways for Soil Heavy Metal Pollution
土壤重金属污染风险管控与修复路径

摘要

土壤重金属具有隐蔽性、累积性和难降解性，能够经农产品和地下水进入人体。当前治理中仍存在污 染来源识别不准、风险评价与土地用途衔接不足、修复技术适配性不强及长期监测缺位等问题。土壤重金属 治理应由污染浓度控制转向环境与健康风险控制，通过源头阻断、分类管理、安全利用和联合修复构建全过 程治理体系，并依据土地用途、污染程度和重金属形态选择差异化路径。

Abstract

Soil heavy metals are characterized by concealment, accumulation, and difficulty in degradation, and they can enter the human body through agricultural products and groundwater. Current governance still faces problems such as inaccurate identification of pollution sources, insufficient connection between risk assessment and land use, weak adaptability of remediation technologies, and the absence of long-term monitoring. Soil heavy metal governance should shift from pollution concentration control to environmental and health risk control. A whole-process governance system should be established through source blocking, classified management, safe utilization, and combined remediation, while differentiated pathways should be selected according to land use, pollution degree, and the forms of heavy metals.