Research on the Application of Visual Positioning Technology in Real-Time Foundation Pit Monitoring
视觉定位技术在基坑实时监测中的应用研究

摘要

本文首先分析基坑监测核心需求与常规监测痛点，阐述视觉定位技术的优势及适配性；其次选型适配的视觉定位 技术路线，优化相机标定、坐标系转换及特征点提取算法，实现基坑水平位移、竖向沉降等核心指标的实时解算；随 后通过现场实测试验，将视觉定位监测数据与全站仪、水准仪实测数据进行对比，验证该技术的测量精度及可靠性； 最后梳理误差来源并提出优化措施，形成可工程化应用的视觉定位基坑实时监测流程。研究结果表明，视觉定位技术 可有效弥补常规监测实时性不足的短板，测量精度满足监测要求，能够实现基坑全域、非接触、实时监测，为基坑工 程自动化监测提供技术支撑，具有重要的工程应用价值与学术意义。 

Abstract

This paper first analyzes the core requirements of foundation pit monitoring and the pain points of conventional monitoring, and expounds the advantages and applicability of visual positioning technology. It then selects an appropriate visual positioning technical route, optimizes camera calibration, coordinate system transformation, and feature point extraction algorithms, and realizes real-time calculation of core indicators such as horizontal displacement and vertical settlement of foundation pits. Subsequently, through field measurement tests, the monitoring data obtained by visual positioning are compared with measured data from total stations and levels to verify the measurement accuracy and reliability of the technology. Finally, the sources of error are summarized, and optimization measures are proposed to form an engineering-applicable real-time foundation pit monitoring process based on visual positioning. The results show that visual positioning technology can effectively compensate for the insufficient real-time performance of conventional monitoring. Its measurement accuracy meets monitoring requirements, and it can realize full-area, non-contact, real-time monitoring of foundation pits, providing technical support for automated monitoring of foundation pit engineering and demonstrating important engineering application value and academic significance..