Research on Standardized Management Paths for Major Hazard Sources in Hazardous Chemical Enterprises
危险化学品企业重大危险源规范化管理路径研究

摘要

危险化学品重大危险源具有物料危险性高、装置耦合度高、事故后果外溢性强等特征，其管理成效直接关 系企业本质安全水平。当前部分企业仍存在辨识结果与现场变化脱节、包保责任停留在签字层面、监测预警与处置 流程割裂、特殊作业和变更管理未形成闭环等问题。本文依据现行安全生产法律法规、危险化学品重大危险源辨识 与监督管理要求，构建“辨识分级—责任包保—过程控制—在线监测—隐患治理—应急保障—持续改进”的规范化 管理路径，并将双重预防机制、特殊作业管理和数字化平台嵌入重大危险源全过程管理。研究认为，规范化管理的 关键不在于增加制度数量，而在于建立可验证、可追溯、可触发整改的责任链和数据链，使重大危险源管理由静态 建档转向动态风险控制，为危险化学品企业重大安全风险常态化治理提供可落地的管理框架。

Abstract

 Major hazard sources in hazardous chemical enterprises are characterized by high material hazards, strong coupling among installations, and significant spillover effects of accident consequences, and their management effectiveness is directly related to the intrinsic safety level of enterprises. At present, some enterprises still face problems such as a disconnect between identification results and on-site changes, responsibility assignment remaining at the level of signatures, separation between monitoring and early warning and disposal procedures, and a lack of closed-loop management for special operations and changes. Based on current laws and regulations on work safety, as well as the requirements for the identification and supervision of major hazard sources of hazardous chemicals, this paper constructs a standardized management path covering identification and classification, responsibility assignment, process control, online monitoring, hidden danger treatment, emergency support, and continuous improvement. It also embeds the dual prevention mechanism, special operation management, and digital platforms into the whole-process management of major hazard sources. The study suggests that the key to standardized management lies not in increasing the number of systems, but in establishing a verifiable, traceable, and rectification-triggering responsibility chain and data chain, so that the management of major hazard sources can shift from static filing to dynamic risk control, providing an implementable management framework for the normalized governance of major safety risks in hazardous chemical enterprises.