Research on Water Resource Supply-Demand Balance and Precise Water Distribution Dispatching in Irrigation Districts
灌区水资源供需平衡与精准配水调度研究

摘要

灌区水资源供需平衡是保证农业高效用水的前提，精准配水调度是缓解水资源供需矛盾的主要手段。 本文立足干旱区大中型灌区管理实际，对灌区水资源配置中出现的供需不匹配、调度粗放等状况展开梳理， 明晰了供需平衡的基本含义，剖析了灌区水资源供需组成以及矛盾产生的原因。从研究结果可以看出，配水 计划同需水变化衔接不到位，配置的精细程度不高，计量和调度的信息化水平低，协同管理机制不健全等都 是造成精准配水受阻的原因。依据典型灌区年度调度运行经验，给出完善的供需预测动态分析、以需定供的 精准配水方式、加强计量监测和信息化建设、健全统筹协调管理机制等改善途径，给灌区水资源精细化管理 给予参照。

Abstract

Water resource supply-demand balance in irrigation districts is the prerequisite for ensuring efficient agricultural water use, and precise water distribution dispatching is a major means to alleviate conflicts between water supply and demand. Based on the management practice of large and medium-sized irrigation districts in arid areas, this paper reviews problems such as supply-demand mismatch and extensive dispatching in irrigation district water resource allocation, clarifies the basic meaning of supply-demand balance, and analyzes the composition of water resource supply and demand as well as the causes of related conflicts. The research results show that inadequate connection between water distribution plans and changes in water demand, insufficient refinement in allocation, low informatization levels of metering and dispatching, and imperfect collaborative management mechanisms are important factors restricting precise water distribution. Based on annual dispatching operation experience in typical irrigation districts, this paper proposes improvement paths such as improving dynamic supply-demand forecasting and analysis, establishing demand-oriented precise water distribution methods, strengthening metering monitoring and informatization construction, and improving overall coordination and management mechanisms. The study provides reference for refined water resource management in irrigation districts.