Normative Dilemmas and Control Mechanisms in the Exercise of Administrative Penalty Discretion
行政处罚裁量权运行中的规范困境与控制机制

摘要

行政处罚裁量权能够适应违法行为在情节、危害后果和主观过错等方面的差异，是行政执法实现个案 公正的重要工具。裁量空间同时可能产生处罚尺度不一、基准机械适用、裁量理由不足等问题。近年来，行 政处罚法和行政裁量权基准制度不断完善，为规范裁量提供了制度基础。行政处罚裁量控制不宜以消除裁量 为目标，应通过细化裁量基准、强化比例审查、保留个案调整空间、完善理由说明和类案监督等方式，在统 一尺度与个案正义之间建立稳定的运行机制。

Abstract

 Administrative penalty discretion enables law enforcement authorities to respond to differences in the circumstances of violations, harmful consequences, and subjective fault, and serves as an important instrument for achieving justice in individual administrative enforcement cases. At the same time, discretionary space may lead to inconsistent penalty standards, mechanical application of discretionary benchmarks, and inadequate reasoning for discretionary decisions. In recent years, the Administrative Penalty Law and the system of administrative discretion benchmarks have been continuously improved, providing an institutional foundation for regulating the exercise of discretion. Control over administrative penalty discretion should not aim to eliminate discretion. Instead, a stable operating mechanism should be established between uniform enforcement standards and individualized justice by refining discretionary benchmarks, strengthening proportionality review, preserving room for case-specific adjustment, improving the statement of reasons, and enhancing supervision of similar cases.